SIMULADO DE INGLES

Simulado de Ingles

1. Read the following text and answer the questions from 69 to 73:

Lost Time
Prior to the First World War, when the area that is now Iraq was part of the Ottoman Empire, excavations by foreign archaeologists were carried out under permits issued in Istanbul. Mid-nineteenth-century excavators were allowed to export whatever they wished. That is how the British Museum and the Louvre acquired the bulk of their renowned Mesopotamian collections. Stung by the empire’s loss of irreplaceable treasures, and anxious to establish Istanbul as a center for the study of ancient art, the Ottoman statesman Hamdi Bey founded the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul in 1881. Thereafter, foreign archaeologists were obliged to share their discoveries with the museum.
After the First World War, Iraq became a separate state, initially administered by Britain. With the energetic guidance of a British official, Gertrude Bell, who advocated that antiquities be retained by the country of origin, the Iraq Museum was founded in 1923 in Baghdad. A decade later, Iraq began to take charge of its own patrimony. A law enacted in 1936 decreed that all the country’s antiquities more than 200 years old were the property of the state; amendments in the 1970s eliminated the Ottoman tradition of dividing finds with their excavators. The Iraq Museum, in the heart of downtown Baghdad, now began to accumulate the most important collection of Mesopotamian antiquities in the world.
At the time of the 1991 Gulf War, archaeology was undergoing an extraordinary revival in Iraq. Dozens of foreign and Iraqi teams were working at an unprecedented rate. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in the summer of 1990, virtually all archaeological activity ceased, and the war and subsequent imposition of UN sanctions have left Iraq’s patrimony in peril. Not only is almost no money available for the preservation of antiquities, but some Iraqi citizens, squeezed between ruinous inflation and shortages of basic necessities, have turned to looting and selling artifacts from excavated and unexcavated sites and even from museums.

JOHN MALCOLM RUSSELL
June 2003 NATURAL HISTORY


Which of the following best explains a difference in Ottoman archaeological regulations before and after 1881?
Before 1881, the finder of archaeological items could take them out of the country; after 1881, the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul had to receive part of what was discovered.
Before 1881, preference was given to British and French archaeologists; after 1881, that preference was abolished.
Before 1881, the Ottoman government issued permits for foreign archaeologists to excavate; after 1881, such permits were issued by the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul.
Before 1881, any archaeological treasure could leave the country; after 1881, only artifacts of relatively low historical value were permitted to leave.
Before 1881, foreign archaeologists were allowed to work independently; after 1881, their excavations had to be supervised by Ottoman officials.

2. Which of the following is most likely one reason why the Iraq Museum, as mentioned in paragraph 2, “began to accumulate the most important collection of Mesopotamian antiquities in the world”?
The British ended their control of the Iraqi government.
The Iraq Museum finally decided to adopt Gertrude Bell’s policies regarding the retention of antiquities in their country of origin.
An Iraqi law enacted in 1936 decreed that over 200 kinds of antiquities were now the property of the state.
Interest in Iraqi archaeology boomed before the First World War.
Iraq finally abolished the Ottoman policy of allowing archaeologists to keep a part of what they found.

3. According to the information in the article, if in recent years some of Iraq’s archaeological treasures have disappeared from sites and museums, one reason is probably the
basic dishonesty and barbarity of the Iraqi people.
brutality and anti-cultural attitude of the Iraqi government.
failure of American military officials to provide adequate protection for Iraq’s archaeological patrimony during the recent war.
hard life of the Iraqi people.
deliberate destruction of some of Iraq’s archaeological patrimony during the 1991 Gulf War.

4. This article could most likely be considered
a passionate appeal to save Iraq’s archaeological patrimony.
an impartial account of progress in Iraqi archaeology followed by war and destruction.
a strong defense of Iraqi cultural nationalism.
an extensive examination of both the importance of archaeology and of the destructive effects of war.
one man’s personal history of the failed attempt to preserve Iraq’s cultural patrimony.

5. The title of the article, Lost Time, most likely refers to the
disappearance of Ottoman archaeological traditions in modern-day Iraq.
impossibility of carrying out Gertrude Bell’s objectives.
deterioration and even disappearance of many of the archaeological treasures of Iraq.
joint American-Iraqi effort to save Iraq’s archaeological patrimony after the 1991 Gulf war.
effort to build a world-class archaeological museum in Baghdad.


Texto para as questões de 74 a 76:
NEUROSCIENCE
Baby IQs Surprising
Two separate studies last year confirmed that infants are a lot smarter than we thought they were.
In the first study, psychologist Marie Cheour and colleagues at the University of Turku in Finland found that infants just two days old can distinguish anomalies in speech while they sleep. In an overnight experiment, 15 newborns slept while a computer played a common Finnish vowel repeatedly along with a sound that’s never used in Finnish. A second group of infants heard nothing; a third group heard nonspeech sounds. The next morning, the researchers recorded the brain waves of all the groups as the computer played. Only those newborns exposed to the audio program of speech sounds during sleep showed a response to the anomalous vowels, suggesting that they had learned to discriminate between the two kinds of sounds while they slumbered.

In a second study, developmental psychologist György Gergely of the Hungarian Academy of Science in Budapest found that infants decide just how much to imitate. A 1988 study had shown that 14-month-old infants will imitate odd behavior — even the odd act of turning on a special lamp by touching it with the head. Gergely decided to show two groups of infants that same act in two different contexts. When one group saw a woman turn on the lamp with her head while her hands were free, most imitated her. When another group saw the woman turn on the lamp with her head while using her hands to hold a blanket around her, most chose to turn on the lamp with their hands, not their head. They evidently figured the demonstrator in the second setting used her head only because her hands were not free. “It seems babies do a lot of figuring out of whether it is wise to imitate or not, based on their own situation,” Gergely says.
(Ingfei Chen)
© Copyright The Walt Disney Company. Back to Homepage.

6. According to the studies held by the psychologists:
infants usually decide how Finish vowels are pronounced.
the imitation performed by infants is not as accurate as the one done by adults.
babies who heard nonspeech sounds were the smartest.
infants can usually decide when and how to imitate someone doing something.
proved that women can turn on a lamp with either their heads or their hands.

7. Choose the alternative that contains a synonym of the word “slumber”:
I brought him a hot drink, hoping it would send him to sleep.
Opponents of the regime were systematically slaughtered.
They sliced the air with their knives.
I watched Peter squeeze the limes.
With prices sliding fast, small computers are becoming popular.

8. The WRONG statement according to the text is:
the woman used her head to turn on the light because her hands were holding a blanket.
the computer used in the first study played two different sounds while some babies were sleeping.
psychologist Marie Cheour is a Finnish doctor responsible for one of the studies on babies’ IQ at the University of Turku.
the first experiment took place during the night.
the act of turning on a lamp with somebody’s head is considered very unusual by the author.